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Grammar Topics for Std. X

 

(Language Study) Grammar Topics for Std. X

1) The alphabet : letter, sound, consonant, vowel, alphabetical order, phonetic symbols

2) Parts of speech : nouns (types of nouns– countable/uncountable, singular/plural/ irregular, common/proper, concrete/ abstract)  verbs (main/ auxiliary/modal, transitive/intransitive), finite verbs and infinitives, gerund, participles; time, tense and aspect, singular and plural forms, phrasal verbs. Pronouns and their types, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, Interjections, determiners – articles, demonstratives, possessives, quantifiers, numerals, degrees of comparison – positive, comparative, superlative

3) Sentence structure : Types of sentences – statements (positive/negative), commands,       questions,       exclamations, subject and predicate, subject, object (direct/indirect), complement,    adverbial phrases  and  clauses, co-ordination and  subordination  (simple,  compound and   complex   sentences),         subject and verb    agreement    (person, number). Transformation of sentences (forming questions, negatives, voice, reported speech, joining sentences)

4) Vocabulary and word-building : synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, register root word, prefix, suffix, compound words,  minor processes of word-building : reduplicatives, clipping, blends, acronyms

5) Punctuation : full stop, comma, question mark, exclamation mark, hyphen, dash, quotation marks, apostrophe, brackets, colon, semicolon, use of capitals

6) Speech : pronunciation, syllables, stress, intonation, rhyme, rhythm.

7) Figures  of  Speech  and  stylistic   devices : simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, hyperbole, euphemism, antithesis, irony, pun, onomatopoeia, alliteration, consonance, etc.

8) Idioms and proverbs : Meaning and usage.


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