(Language Study) Grammar Topics for
Std. X
1) The alphabet : letter,
sound, consonant, vowel, alphabetical order, phonetic symbols
2) Parts of speech : nouns
(types of nouns– countable/uncountable, singular/plural/ irregular, common/proper,
concrete/ abstract) verbs (main/
auxiliary/modal, transitive/intransitive), finite verbs and infinitives,
gerund, participles; time, tense and aspect, singular and plural forms, phrasal
verbs. Pronouns and their types, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions,
Interjections, determiners – articles, demonstratives, possessives,
quantifiers, numerals, degrees of comparison – positive, comparative,
superlative
3) Sentence structure
: Types of sentences – statements (positive/negative), commands, questions, exclamations, subject and predicate, subject,
object (direct/indirect), complement,
adverbial phrases and clauses, co-ordination and subordination
(simple, compound and complex
sentences), subject and verb agreement
(person, number). Transformation of sentences (forming questions,
negatives, voice, reported speech, joining sentences)
4) Vocabulary and
word-building : synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, register root word,
prefix, suffix, compound words, minor
processes of word-building : reduplicatives, clipping, blends, acronyms
5) Punctuation : full stop,
comma, question mark, exclamation mark, hyphen, dash, quotation marks,
apostrophe, brackets, colon, semicolon, use of capitals
6) Speech :
pronunciation, syllables, stress, intonation, rhyme, rhythm.
7) Figures of
Speech and stylistic
devices : simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe,
hyperbole, euphemism, antithesis, irony, pun, onomatopoeia, alliteration,
consonance, etc.
8) Idioms and
proverbs : Meaning and usage.
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